What about the future of electric cars is still unclear. While many experts worry about the future electric mobility thoughts, BMW is expected that the electric cars in the future will be different visually more vehicles with conventional internal combustion engine drive.

Especially BMW’s CEO Norbert Reithofer is convinced that increasing the external differences, and not only take place only an exchange of the drive assembly is. Reithofer is certain is that the “electric cars will not look like the current car.” This gave the “VDI news” and is thus shows are particularly prevalent on new materials such as composite materials made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics, which are increasingly in body and chassis are used and could thus replace conventional materials such as heavy metal. They help to reduce weight, thus saving fuel and power at.

And BMW is also connected to this trend for the future, says Reithofer. The future of electric cars Bayern should not only drivingly be converted to electric motors, it is, but also include other innovations. In detail, BMW will bring first of next year with the BMW 1 Series with electric drive in a small series of up to 1,000 copies on the market. This small electric car will be used to obtain insights into the practicality of electric vehicles. In 2015, then to the “Mega-City-vehicle” appear as a series vehicle. Thus, the electric drive at BMW is also finding their way. Similarly, one hopes from the testing phase of new factors in increasing the reach of the lithium-ion batteries to achieve. Perhaps a breakthrough is still in this area by numerous developments that have already resulted in forklifts to enormous distances. Experts believe that in theory, batteries with ranges of over 500 miles per battery charge are realistic.

It will be interesting in any case, what developments BMW produces in the coming years.

“Cologne-mobile” Ford Transit BEV sends to the streets

At last it fell, the official start of the electrically-powered Ford Transit. The beginning of the practical phase of the electric mobility project “cologne-mobile” was carried out so now finally, after you’ve filled up the van symbolic. The extensive practice test is designed for analysis of electric mobility in Germany, based on the Cologne area, designed for everyday use and vulnerabilities out. The findings will then serve the development of electric vehicles and the necessary infrastructure.

First, the practical phase the example is made of electrically-powered Ford Transit models, the variant BEV. These are now used as a distribution and delivery vehicles during normal everyday life. As of spring 2011, phase two starts, relying on fifteen other Ford Transit-electric vehicles.

“Cologne-mobile” in the context of the “model Rhein-Ruhr” conducted and sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Transport. A total of 115 million euros, the Ministry has made available, including 7.5 million euros for the project in Cologne.

BMW AG – electric cars from 2013

The Bavarian automaker BMW AG would build according to a report in the magazine “Motor Week” from the year 2013 in Leipzig, the electric car Mega City Vehicles. According to the magazine report, the company has opted for the Saxon work, because it is the most flexible plant within the group and can expand its capacity quickly. The components of Landshut is to provide the carbon parts for the electric city car and be involved in the production.

The lithium-ion battery will deliver probably the joint venture of two technology companies Bosch and Samsung. The electric car production begins two years earlier than originally planned. Currently, a vehicle fleet consisting of 600 vehicles, the electric version of the small car BMW Mini extensively tested. The electric car market is on the rise and almost every car manufacturer has gone into the development of electric cars. The range must be increased, however, and the prices are reduced so that the electric cars can establish not only strong but also prevail.

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Sony plans to aggressively attack the market with a number of new DSLR SLR cameras is no secret. We had the opportunity to get their hands on the new Alfa 350 and Alfa 200’s again. Here are our first impressions of this very close family, including Sony’s interesting solution to the problem of prolonged exposure time cycle with Live View.

The Sony Alpha A350 offers new technology that makes images faster, easier and more familiar for users of digital SLR cameras for the first time. "According to the press release from Sony.

Note: Most of our findings are also applicable to the Sony Alpha DSLR-A300, also presented at the PMA and is essentially a version of 10-megapixel sensor of the Sony A350, with a lower price.

As for what Sony is promoting the main event of the Sony Alpha DSLR-A350 digital, including;

• Very high resolution 14.2 effective megapixels for beautiful images of the Convention detail, rich tones and bright colors
• Large LCD high-resolution 2.7-inch two-way leveling fire for freedom and comfort at different angles
• Quick AF Live View autofocus quick and accurate and responsive AF performance even with fast moving objects
• Improved in-camera Super SteadyShot to reduce vibration.

The Sony A350 features a new 14.2 megapixel sensor. There is a multiplier of 1.5 x focal length lens is used to obtain the equivalent field of view (FOV) in 35mm terms. Sony Alpha A350 SLR sweet with DT 18-70mm aperture-priority, that large JPEG, the size of 18 mm, 1 / 50 sec at f/5.6, ISO 200, WB Fluorescent central point cut from the lens.

The Alpha DSLR-A350 features a 14.2 megapixel CCD sensor, Live View, a vertical swivel screen, and like all Alpha DSLR-integrated sports anti-shake sensor offset establishments participating in the work aimed to set. It’s just the house or as a kit with the lens Sony DT 18-70mm.

Interestingly, this is not the main sensor, Live View facilities includes, but integrates a secondary sensor in the viewfinder. Sony has broken the traditional Live View systems in the setting of additional sensor in the viewfinder with a tilt mechanism that directs the light is, either through traditional eye. The advantage is not related to the conventional AF in Live View-bypass, so that the autofocus-A350 as fast as you normally would, without interruption or noise.

Making life even more useful view is that a retractable screen can be tilted vertically to allow wide-angle high or low easily. The A350’s screen can not turn the page, or turn on the face, but still a very flexible function.

Like all Alpha DSLRs, the sensor is located on the main platform for moving a mounted adjustable to compensate for camera shake. You do not see the effect on the viewer - or in Live View - but it gets to work with everyone who is going. This not only saves money, it means that you are the stabilization of the lenses that most manufacturers are not suitable as a benefit stabilization system as a standard 50 mm models.

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Supercapacitor energy storage device as a new, significant features and advantages, can replace traditional batteries in some areas, in the energy saving is increasingly becoming the subject today, its application has drawn increasing attention around the world.

Supercapacitors are national attention to the industrialization

United States, Japan, Russia, Switzerland, South Korea, France, some companies with many years of research and development and technology accumulation, is currently leading the

Domestic R & D in high-capacity supercapacitor more than 50 manufacturers, to mass production and to achieve a practical level more than 10 manufacturers only

The industrialization of the super capacitor, the United States, Japan, Russia, Switzerland, South Korea, France, some companies with many years of research and development and technology accumulation, the current leader. Such as the United States, Maxwel, Japan, Nec, Panasonic, Tokin and Russia Econd companies, these companies now occupy most of the global market. The main production enterprises abroad: the United States Maxwell company, Russia's Econd company, Elit, Japan's Elna Company, Panasonic Corporation, Nec-Tokin Corporation, South Korea's Ness companies, Korchip company, Nuintek companies.

United States, Japan, Korea and other countries have been developing high power and high specific energy than the super-capacitors. In the study of super-capacitors, are developing a lot of work in a variety of electrolytes have a higher energy than the electrode material. The material currently used in supercapacitors are carbon-based materials, metal oxides and hydrates the three materials and conductive polymer materials.

An early start in foreign research supercapacitor technology is relatively mature. They are the super-capacitors as a national key research projects and development projects, recent and proposed long-term development plans. Esma Russia is the production of inorganic hybrid supercapacitor representatives, however, Esma currently there is no scale production capacity. Moreover, Russia's Elit company, Saft France, the United States in the Cooper company, Japan's Nec and Panasonic have also invested huge capital for high-capacity supercapacitor of large-scale production.

In 2007, the global scale of the industry coin super capacitor is 10.2 billion U.S. dollars, convoluted and large industrial scale supercapacitor 34.8 billion U.S. dollars, the total size of super-capacitor industry 4.5 billion U.S. dollars, up 45%; projected 2008 global button-type industrial scale supercapacitor 15.3 billion, convoluted and large industrial scale supercapacitor 52.2 billion U.S. dollars, the total size of super-capacitor industry was 67.5 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 50%.

In recent years, as optimistic about the prospects for broad application in this area, some Chinese companies have begun to actively get involved in this industry, and already have a certain amount of technical strength and industrial capacity.

Domestic R & D in high-capacity supercapacitor more than 50 manufacturers, however, to mass production and reach a practical level more than 10 manufacturers only. Haiao Wei Technology Development Co., Ltd. on the development of the "car with super capacitors" in the technology is more advanced. Compared with foreign manufacturers products, products with similar foreign products Aowei electrical and physical properties are close to some of the performance has more than similar foreign products. Overall, the company's products have reached international advanced level of similar products.

Currently, most domestic manufacturers produce liquid double layer capacitors, it is important enterprises in Jinzhou Fu Chen, the Beijing Star set, a dozen companies on the Hai Aowei. Jinzhou Fu Chen is the largest professional manufacturer of super-capacitors, the main production type and winding button supercapacitor. Beijing set to produce Star convoluted and large capacitors.

Huge potential market demand

As the capacitor has a super fast charge and discharge, environmental pollution, long cycle life, etc., have to become a new type of green energy in this century

The current demand of the Chinese market up to 21.5 million years, about 120 million watts, and every year the growth rate of about 50%

21st century, with global warming, lack of resources, countries and regions all over the world are developing new green energy sources, while the super-capacitor materials used in production is generally green. Therefore, the super-capacitor as a key development in this century one of the new storage products, is more and more countries and companies competing to develop and produce. 10 years ago, the super capacitor can only sell a few each year the number, and the price is very expensive, about $ 1 -2 USD / Farah, now, the super capacitor has been used as a standard product in large quantities supplied to the market, prices are significantly lower, on average 0.01 USD -0.02 USD / Farah.

Three-phase energy meter multi-function high-end data storage is greater than the ordinary power meter, and the traditional lithium batteries power the situation did not occur, resulting in a super-capacitor on the power meter applications.

Allegedly, the Chinese-made super capacitor has occupied 60% -70% of market share.

In addition, the country also has several other super-capacitor suppliers, such as the huge volume of new energy companies in Harbin and so on, these companies are setting up the last two years, and in their respective areas of expertise for product development or product marketing. Meanwhile, the domestic Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Henan, Shaanxi and Tianjin and other cities have also introduced policies to support the provinces and enterprises to actively enter the super-capacitor energy storage components such emerging markets such as China, Jiangxi Province, one hundred electronic components electronic letter of the company is also seeking partners to jointly carry out the production of super-capacitors.

In 2005, the total size of China's super-capacitor industry reached 3.9 billion in 2004, 57.2% of 2.48 billion yuan, of which, button supercapacitors 4000 million, convoluted and large super-capacitors is 3.5 million; 2006 Industry total size of 5.7 billion yuan, up 46.2% growth rate, which, button supercapacitor market of 9000 million, convoluted and large super-capacitors of 4.8 billion; the total size of industry in 2007 reached 860 million yuan, increasing Speed up to 50%, of which, button supercapacitor market of 1.4 billion, convoluted and large super-capacitors is 7.2 billion; the total size of 2008 is expected to reach 1.33 billion industry, the growth rate up to 55%, of which , Button-type supercapacitor market reach 210 million yuan, winding type and size of a large super-capacitors of up to 1.12 billion market.

As new companies continue to emerge, supercapacitors are also large-scale application in China is coming. Domestic suppliers are active in different ways to deal with the problems faced by large-scale application.

Improve product safety for suppliers attention. Especially in the high-power applications, a domestic company's top super-capacitors that in security issues, although the super-capacitor internal short circuit can occur, but he pointed out that as long as each is equipped with super-capacitor circuit management system, can be timely identify problems and solve the problem.

Super-capacitors in power applications to overcome the one-time issue of high input costs, domestic suppliers are also active efforts to improve their cost performance. To lead-acid batteries, for example, generally charge and discharge current 5000, but the super capacitor charge and discharge times in theory up to tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of times, the actual level, the domestic manufacturers in the technology of super Hai Aowei capacitor can charge and discharge have been 20,000 times. Thus, if the super-capacitor battery service life is 4-5 times the price of its 3 times only, then it can be demonstrated to be more cost-effective competitive advantage.

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Abstract: This paper describes the cathode, anode, electrolyte, porous ceramic tube supported on various types of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Research and development; introduced Siemens - Westinghouse tubular SOFC power company and the Joint Cogeneration cycle power generation technology progress. The development of tubular SOFC combined cycle power generation as the main body - combined heat and power supply systems for clean energy can improve coal, natural gas and other fuels, power generation efficiency, the formation of the client directly electricity, heat, cooling by the network.

And flat type solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) compared with tubular SOFC due to high mechanical strength, high thermal shock resistance, simplified seal technology, the characteristics of high performance modular, integrated, more suitable for building large-capacity power station. Preparation of tubular cells as difficult, in tubular SOFC R & D units were over 30, while the capacity to achieve 100kW or more, only Siemens - Westinghouse Power (SWPC) company. The author made tubular SOFC R & D status and SWPC company cogeneration and combined cycle power generation technology progress in two areas of related technology has been briefly introduced.

An all-tube SOFC

1.1 cathode supported tubular SOFC

SWPC Westinghouse Electric Company has been using American support structure of the company's cathode prepared from single-tube SOFC, process is: out of one end of the closed end of the opening of the LSM (La1-xSrxMnO3) YSZ (Y2O3 stability of ZrO2)-based management, using plasma spray , prepared along the tube axis width 11mm, 100μm thick compact Doped Lanthanum Chromite linkers article, electrochemical vapor deposition (EVD), in the preparation of cathode 30 ~ 40μm thick outer layer of dense YSZ electrolyte, the electrolyte membrane outside side, with a soluble preparation of 100μm thick deposited Ni YSZ cermet anode. The total length of single tube 1.680mm, diameter 22mm, thickness 2.2mm, the electrochemical activity of the reaction zone (ERZ) of the effective length of 1.500mm. Within the ERZ, the effective management of each single area 834cm2.

SWPC structure employed by the ground and the bottom 3 strings 8, formed by the 24-tube bundle. Bundles, parallel single-tube by nickel-felt connection; series of single-tube is below the single-tube doped Lanthanum Chromite body through the Ni-felt connection with the anode connected to the top of a single tube. Stack, the tubes formed by nickel-mat series bundle out, bundle out of the cathode and anode ends, nickel plate, tube out further in series to form a stack. Stack assembly, demolition and replacement single tube to tube as a unit, so bundle processing preparation is very important. General high temperature furnace tube through the pre-baked hard component can also be used - soft component connection method to connect.

Currently, SWPC company's single-tube, stack the preparation and assembly of mature technology, from the preparation of electrolyte membrane, and connectors, used in step 3 anode EVD technology a step down to prepare electrolyte membrane, but the high cost of preparation, production cycle length, production of low efficiency, SWPC is trying to use other means to replace EVD technology.

Canadian fuel cell technology (FCT) company is committed to 5kW tubular SOFC power systems research and development, the power reactor design and manufacturing companies by the SWPC. East Tao Corporation of Japan by slurry coating technique, step by step preparation of YSZ electrolyte, doped Lanthanum Chromite connectors and Ni YSZ anode, the development of their stack size of 10kW.

The support of SOFC cathode tube mechanical strength, high thermal cycling performance, technically demanding, easy-to-mobile, assembly, management, but support tube wall thick, the cathode impedance and oxidant mass transfer resistance is high, the stack to In 930 ~ 1000 °C high temperature work, the normal operating voltage, the output power density of only 0 15 ~ 0 20W/cm2.

1.2 anode supported tubular SOFC

Anode supported tubular SOFC with micro-tube technology is developed.

Keele University, UK by co-extrusion method, extrusion functional gradient of Ni YSZ anode layer and the YSZ electrolyte layer within the pipe from the pipe, the anode layer of Ni content decreased from 90% to 30%, the most outer layer of 100μm thick The YSZ electrolyte layer, with the coating method, the outer electrolyte prepared LSM cathode materials, micro-diameter 3mm, pipe wall thickness 0.3mm, length 50mm, the effective length of 25mm. Ni YSZ anode modified by the modification, you can use different hydrocarbons as fuel. Keele University, microtubules SOFC technology features: the quick start, you can use different hydrocarbon as fuel. Keele University has assembled a 20,200,400,1000 root single tubes, multiple stacks, in which 1000 single-tube stack in natural gas as fuel, the outside power 500W, the entire operation is controlled by computer. Acumentrics has developed civilian 5kW, 10kW power generation systems and uninterruptible power supplies and other products 2kW, start time is 10 ~ 30min, the fuel is natural gas, methane, propane, ethanol, methanol or hydrogen, and Keele University, The difference is that the battery management of the company All horizontal, and the fuel gas into the tube socket on the battery tube to improve the effective utilization.

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of preparation of anode current single tube cell, open circuit voltage at 800 °C up to 1.10V, the maximum output current density of 911 86mA/cm2, the maximum output power density 283.12mW/cm2; work in 0 7V , the output current density over 346.08mA/cm2, output power density of 242.60mW/cm2; in the 200h stability test, no significant performance degradation. As planned, in 2005, the Institute will assemble 2kW tube SOFC stack.

Anode supported tubular SOFC prepared by low-cost method of achieving electrolyte membrane, lowering operating temperature. Wet chemical method using low-cost alternative EVD, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) films prepared electrolyte, not only to reduce costs and shorten the preparation period, to improve efficiency, but also allows the battery in the 600 ~ 800 °C work under medium temperature.

1.3 electrolyte SOFC support tube

Keele University, UK is the first out of the early work of YSZ tube, and then dipping the anode and cathode preparation. G J Saunders and other prepared tube diameter 2.5mm, wall thickness of 200μm, the anode and cathode nickel wire and silver were used to collect current. Adelan Ltd. Portable Power SOFC stack size 5 ~ 500W, and can be activated within 1min to 800 °C, with propane, methane, ethanol or isooctane, or petrol as fuel, the stack assembly of the metal package sealing technology. Electric stacker electric mode relies on a separate set for each single flow tube after the tube outside the current export.

C Hatchwell and other support to the tubular SOFC electrolyte preparation of the electrolyte material, thermal expansion coefficients, mechanical strength, thermal shock resistance were studied. Ni YSZ anode with a syringe to the extrusion materials, dipping the GDC (Gd2O3 doped CeO2) electrolyte tube inside, dry roasting, then La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-GDC cathode material to the electrolyte tube brush the outside, dry roasting, anode nickel wire set with two streams, the cathode assembly with a silver stream, with humidification of hydrogen as fuel and air as oxidant, 600 °C open circuit voltage of 0.911V, at 0.7V, the output current density is only 12.3mA/cm2. On the diameter of 3mm, thickness 0.3mm, length 25mm of YSZ, GDC, LSGM (La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85) electrolyte test tube and found that thermal shock performance ranked in descending order. Such as Gadolinium gypsum mold, the improved grouting and vacuum grouting, were prepared and 226 ~ 260mm length 140mm, wall thickness 0.4 ~ 0.9mm and 0.2mm of dense YSZ electrolyte tubes, 900 °C, the single cells maximum output power was 0.46W, and 0.48W.

Used as supporting electrolyte tube, electrolyte tube anode or cathode materials inside the hard coating evenly, if the magnification scale preparation, is difficult to ensure the quality of the battery tube.

1.4 SOFC porous ceramic support tube

Westinghouse Electric Company early adopted stable CaO ZrO2 porous support tube structure, the structure after the few reports. C J Li such as flame spraying, prepared by the thickness of 1mm of Al2O3 Ni porous support tubes, using atmospheric plasma spraying on the support tube, the preparation of 25μm thick Ni YSZ anode layer, 150μm thick YSZ electrolytes layer and 10μm thick LSM cathode layer, battery operation 930 °C, open circuit voltage 1.04V, maximum output 101mW/cm2.

1.5 flat tube type SOFC type and set to take over

Tubular SOFC, the use of connectors connected to the stack in the series mode, current flows from the relative increase of cell internal ohmic impedance increases; In considering the battery efficiency, leading to low battery output power density. Make improvements to this, a set of tube and plate type in one of the advantages of flat-tube high power density SOFC structure of the acclaimed.

H Orui other developed flat tubular cathode supported Ni YSZ / YSZ / LSM YSZ cell, electrolyte thickness of 20μm, the cathode support body containing gas channel 14, the battery length 100mm, width 43mm, high-4.5mm. Battery operation in 1000 °C, current density 1.6A/cm2, the maximum power density 0.83W/cm2. J H Kim and other developed anode supported flat-tube SOFC, anode Ni YSZ, electrolyte, YSZ, the cathode for the multi-layer structure of LSM YSZ / LSM / LSCF (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3), at 750 °C, voltage of 0.6V, the output current density 375mA/cm2, output power density 225mW/cm2. H Tsukuda and other stable ZrO2 CaO developed to support the pipe as a sleeve-type SOFC, prepared in the process of EVD, CVD and other techniques, the biggest advantage is obtained for the tandem cell structure, high voltage, but the high production cost, process complexity, Seal the problem more serious. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has plasma spraying method and the preparation of electrolyte film printing technology, used in connection Preparation of the slurry coating technology, developed the stack size of 15kW.

2 type SOFC power generation technology

SOFC to achieve high energy conversion rate, to rely on cogeneration or combined power generation. Achieved using tubular SOFC cogeneration has SWPC company, Keele University, Adelan Limited and Acumentrics companies to realize the joint power generation only SWPC company. SWPC has a pressure of single cycle cogeneration system (CHP), atmospheric pressure SOFC combined cycle gas turbine (SOFC / GT), pressurized SOFC Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (PSOFC / GT) and other methods, the development direction set of fuel cells, gas turbines, steam turbines, combined heat and power for the integrated power supply, heat, cooling system.

2.1 Atmospheric single cycle cogeneration system (CHP)

Amlem built in the Netherlands near the 100kW power generation system was completed in 1997 designed and built at the beginning of operation 4000h later, due to some problems, replacement of a number of batteries, battery run 12500h in succession process, no performance degradation. To November 2000, the system total running 16500h, the public power supply 110kW, the net AC efficiency 46%; the local heating 64kW, the energy conversion rate of nearly 75% of the total. July 2001, that the system moved to the city of Essen, Germany demo site up and running, the total accumulated running time of more than 20000h.

100kW power generation system is composed of natural gas desulfurization, fuel reforming, SOFC power generation, high and low temperature heat exchanger, heat output etc., SOFC stack from the 48 bundles of 1152 simply type SOFC component. The stack can be viewed as the two 576-tube constitutes a sub-stack, each sub-stack has its own intake, the reaction tube after the recycling of fuel moisture, fuel reformer, unreacted fuel other parts of the combustion chamber. The power generation system fueled by natural gas, natural gas before entering the stack after desulfurization processing, the sulfur content down to 1 × 10-5%, desulfurization agent can be heated at room temperature the activated carbon or zinc oxide, if necessary, increase the hydrotreating process.

SWPC developed in partnership with KinectricsFacility 250kW power generation system project, the structure of the system is EDB/ELSAM-100kW amplification system, the stack formed by the 2292 single-tube, the current is running. StadwerkeHannover in Germany in 2004 and the BP U.S. companies built 250kW power generation system also began commissioning.

2.2 pressure combined cycle (PSOFC / GT)

SWPC company Southern California Edison, the construction of a 220kW pressurized SOFC-microturbine (PSOFC / MGT) Combined Cycle Power Generation System (PH200). Installation and commissioning in June 2000, a total run of the 3000h, power generation efficiency of 52%. SOFC power stacked in a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel, and EDB / ELSAM 100kW SOFC CHP system similar to the pressure, the pressure device, no obvious changes in the power heap. Under atmospheric pressure operation, the stack output power 100kW, pressurized to 0.3MPa, the stack power 180kW.

Magnified by the scale of 300kWPSOFC/MGT system (PH300) to install and then sent to RWEEnergie company of the stack from the 1704 single-tube cell structure, installed in the horizontal cylindrical pressure vessel, the power generation system for the CHP mode, with the heater from the system Recovery of exhaust heat to provide hot water in this region. The difference is that with PH200, PH300 uses a single axis drive SolarTurbines gas turbine.

SWPC company resolved PSOFC / MGT system, the main technical problems: A The high temperature heat exchange with the material of SOFC single cell optimization; B gas turbine combustion temperature and voltage optimization; C improved heat recovery method and intermediate cooling ; D Development of the use of low concentrations of gas turbine fuel burner; E guarantee start, load changes and system reliability when problems arise.

SWPC company that: PSOFC / GT system as efficient and low cost installation, the dispersion in the 200kW to 10MW power plant markets, a greater competitive advantage. Amplification in the process of generating system capacity, SOFC stack up in numbers only to enlarge, MW PSOFC / GT system, levels of pressure vessel, placed in 10 576 cells sub-stack, gas turbine model with the 300kW SolarTurbines ; the 20MW level PSOFC / ATS GT design of the system using high-pressure SOFC generator / high-pressure gas turbine, SOFC generator low voltage / low pressure gas turbine hybrid unit commitment, gas turbine gas turbine using Mercury50; in the 300MW class PSOFC / IRsofc GT system, and the 20MW level systems, according to high and low pressure form of independence, will SOFC generators and gas turbines together.

3 application prospects

SWPC SOFC single tube tube company to run more than 8a, the performance degradation rate 0 1% / kh; after 1000 °C from room temperature to 100 thermal cycles, no performance degradation, technology can substitute fire station, the key is To reduce the battery manufacturing costs. The development of tubular SOFC is the main, set SOFC, gas turbine, one steam turbine combined cycle power to - Cogeneration system clean energy systems, increased natural gas and coal power generation efficiency for the raw materials to form an integrated power, heat, cold CHP system, has great and far-reaching social and economic benefits.

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The technology company Better Place has developed an innovative gas station for electric cars and in the Japanese city of Yokohama to the public. It is at the gas station for a battery exchange station which allows the rapid exchange of empty batteries, and therefore brings a high level of time savings. The battery change is to last only two minutes and was the prototype of the changing station demonstrates impressive. The battery is automatically changed and means a great deal of time in comparison to the hours of charging power to a power outlet. The changing station has been built on a simple principle. The electric vehicle is traveling on a bridge on the rails there are two sleds. The first carriage is the Swap of the empty battery charge and solve the battery holder. After the battery is moved to a charging station. The second sled at the same time supplies the electric car with a full battery.

Pitching is an area as required for a normal gas station but it is a large stock of adequate size for the charged battery and the recharging required. The concept aims Better Place to an international recognition and success of electric cars. The limited scope could be solved with comprehensive travel and recharge the current vehicles longer distances. The manufacturer has with the countries of Denmark, Israel, California and other states and regions have already agreed partnerships.

In the framework of cooperation to the charging stations are built across the country. The gas station is to purchase their electricity to recharge the batteries from renewable energy sources and therefore has solar panels on the roof. There currently is not known whether the charging system will prevail at all because that it must be accepted by car manufacturers. Up to now the only car company Renault-Nissan as a partner. The automakers hope for a development of current battery technology which the problem of limited coverage is to be solved.

Mennekes relies on electric car market

The medium-sized enterprises Mennekes has worked for a year to develop a system which consists of a charging socket and charger. The system is to combine electric cars with charging stations. By charging electric vehicles can refuel not only with new energy but it is also an accounting of energy consumption. The innovative charging system has already achieved a high degree, as Chancellor Angela Merkel and the CEO of RWE and Daimler could photograph it.

In Berlin and Aachen there Mennekes supported pilot projects launched with the sophisticated innovative Ladesteckersystem. It has been submitted for standardization and will be according to the ideas of the family business into a global standard. The German and European body behind the development of charging system.

Against the Chargers from Israel and Japan have also been submitted for standardization must Mennekes now claim. According to company president Walter Mennekes to the Handelsblatt (Online edition 19.05.2009) system that is superior to the other two loading systems because the charge is four times faster. In the autumn of this year decided that Stromladesystem is to become the world standard. If the Mennekes system enforces this means for the company from the Sauerland a new multimillion dollar market as electric cars in the coming years will grow in importance.

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ThinkPad T61 14.1″ widescreen notebook

Important to note is that this review covers the 14.1″ widescreen version of the T61 series. As with any laptop model series, there are going to be widely varying configurations you can choose that will greatly affect system performance.

Specs:

• Processor: Intel T7300 Core 2 Duo (2.0GHz, 800MHz FSB, 4MB Cache)
• Graphics: Intel GMA X3100
• Operating System: Windows Vista Business
• Display: WXGA+ 1440 x 900 (LG screen)
• Hard Drive: 100GB 7200RPM (Seagate Momentus 7200.1)
• Memory: 2GB (1GB x 1GB), up to 4GB max
• Ports: 3 USB 2.0, 1 FireWire, Monitor out, modem, Ethernet, headphone out, microphone in
• Slots: 1 PC Card Slot, 1 ExpressCard slot (optional media card reader and Smart Card reader)
• Optical Drive: Ultra-slim Super-Multi Drive
• Dimensions: 13.2″ x 9.3″ x 1.09 - 1.26″ (335mm x 237mm x 27.6 - 31.9mm)
• Weight: 5.1lbs

The good: Internal roll cage protects LCD; 802.11n Wi-Fi for faster wireless throughput; very small A/C adaptor adds little to overall travel weight; Intel's Active Management Technology provides remote support.

The bad: New Centrino technology doesn't offer outsize performance gains.

The bottom line: Lenovo's 14-inch ThinkPad T61 shaves a few millimeters off the company's more mainstream R-series laptops, but still boasts the same, solid ThinkPad DNA along with IT-friendly features by way of Intel's new Centrino Pro platform.

Design and Build

The ThinkPad T61 is a premium product with a durable build, it is geared towards business users or simply those willing to pay a bit more to get something that won't fall apart after 1-year of use. For somebody that travels a lot or relies on their notebook to earn a livelihood, the build and reliability factor is probably more important than having the latest and greatest components inside.

The keyboard remains the same between the T61 and T60 — meaning it's once again excellent. The only difference is that now there's more room on the keyboard side areas since the notebook body is wider, the speakers have been relocated to this extra real estate. The keyboard is spill proof and has two drain holes to make sure if you do happen to spill your morning Starbucks coffee, the liquid is carried away from sensitive components and out through the bottom of the notebook.

The hard drive is protected within the magnesium roll cage and shock mounted. Even if your T61 is dropped the included Active Protection System (APS) software will work with the on board accelerometer to detect a fall situation and end hard drive activity to prevent data loss.

Screen

The new widescreen format screen for the 14.1″ T-series is either good, bad or somewhere in between depending on your personal preference. Lenovo will try and convince you widescreen offers more screen real estate and so it's better, the reality is the guys making the LCD screens are forcing it down the throats of the PC manufacturers because it's cheaper to make widescreen LCDs.

The particular screen I got is a WXGA+ resolution (1440 x 900). It provides easy viewing and you can fit a good amount on the screen, so no complaints on that front. The screen is crisp and there are no issues with graininess. The matte finish ensures there's little to no glare in office lighting situations.

Processor and Performance

The ThinkPad T61 now uses the Intel Centrino Duo (Santa Rosa) platform. You get a faster processor front side bus (800MHz), more processor cache (4MB) and an improved integrated graphics solution in the form of the Intel X3100. If all that talk is nonsense to you, then suffice it to say the T61 offers newer and better processing components than the T60. Will this performance be perceivable in helping to run MS Word faster? No of course not, but certain processor intensive tasks such as encoding video will be faster. And even if you won't be utilizing every ounce of processing power, just knowing the processor is faster and you're on top of the game is enough to make people like myself want to buy it.

Battery Life

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lenovo thinkpad t61 battery, 14.1″ standard screens and 15.4″ widescreen + 14-inch wide lenovo t61 battery

One thing that's always a concern with a new platform is battery life. Reading the first reviews that came out about the T61 sounded like gloom and doom with reports of 2 hour battery life. It seems most of the initial reviews were done using very power hungry dedicated graphics solutions and with a 4-cell battery.

I had the opportunity to test a larger 6-cell battery on an integrated graphics system, and got 3 hours and 41 minutes of battery life under what I would deem normal usage. I was using the T61 with screen brightness set to half or lower, Vista battery optimized setting, wireless off to get this number. In a torture test, I set the screen brightness to top level, put in a DVD (Stargate) and played it until the battery hit 5% and the PC went to sleep 鈥?which happened after exactly 2 hours 15 minutes. I wouldn't call that bad, it'll get you through most movies.

The downside of a 6-cell battery is that it sticks out of the back (see pics) and weighs more, but I'm always be willing to carry a bit more weight for an extra hour of battery life. A positive comment that should be made is the power adapter is nice and small, it's actually the same size as the X60 ultraportable series adapter.

Keyboard / Touchpad / Pointing Stick

The ThinkPad T-series hasn't changed too much over time, and that's a good thing, there's no use changing something that's just right. The ThinkPad keyboard is one of, if not the best, notebook keyboards out there. There's zero flex, every key feels individual, every key has great travel/feedback and the keyboard is full-size.

The T61 has a pointing stick, I love using this and find it much easier than the provided touchpad — it makes it so you can move the cursor around the screen without having to lift your hand from the keys, a much faster and easier to control style of input. But the great thing is that if the pointing stick isn't your cup of tea then you've got the touchpad as well.

Wireless

The ThinkPad T61 uses the Intel 4965 wireless chip that offers 802.11 a/b/g/n wireless reception. All of your bases are covered there, and the greater range 802.11n offers is on the table if you have an 802.11n router. The range of the ThinkPad is theoretically greater now that the lid material has changed to plastic too. The antenna is run up through the lid for better reception you see, and the new lid material allows radio waves to reach the antenna more easily. I was only able to test up to 100-feet away from my NetGear WGR614 802.11g wireless router, which I despise for its bad performance and tendency to drop connections, but the T61 worked just fine with it and I never suffered a connection drop and throughput was consistently good.

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U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory on July 31 that a kind of new materials with specific properties is expected to help people get more efficient fuel cells. Research articles published in the July 31 issue of "Science" magazine.

The new results from the combination of two crystals, can be greatly improved under the conditions close to room temperature ionic conductivity of the super-lattice material, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Researchers Maria Warui pull and Sidifenpan what makes it completed the structural characteristics of this new material determination.

Typically, the solid oxide fuel cells require oxygen ions allows movement to the anode from the cathode ion conduction material (or solid electrolyte). However, the ion is much greater than the electron, atomic-level space is still not large enough, the smooth conduction of the material allows ions. Meanwhile, the other fuel cell materials force ions often through narrow channels, rather than ions jump from one hole to another hole, so transmission efficiency is low.

The researchers used to determine the structural properties of new materials is the main equipment 300 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Perspective kV Z-contrast scanning electron microscopy, the resolution of close to 0.6 Amy aberration correction. Obtained by the electron microscope images, the researchers reveal new material has super-ionic conductivity is due to the unique crystal structure of layered materials. Varela said that through the microscope, "we can see the close-packed but still ordered interface structure, this structure provides a broad ion conduction channel."

Varela said that the two materials with different crystal structure form a layered combination of new materials to solve the problem of ion channels. The reason is the mismatch of two crystal structures led to its junction deformation of the atomic arrangement has not occupied much space, resulting in a smooth transfer to ion channels. In the past, fuel cell materials are usually ionic conductivity at high temperature to the new materials under conditions close to room temperature, they have the ability to maintain the ionic conductivity. The researchers said that, in fact, the development of high temperature fuel cell technology, a major obstacle.

The new material, including the University of Madrid, including by the two researchers at the University of Spain joint research and development, new materials, they observed excellent ion conductivity, but with such a super-ionic conductivity structure of the material is not very clear. Oak Ridge National Laboratory personnel perspective using Z-contrast scanning electron microscope to help them get the answer.

Power Management Semiconductor Information

Power | Regulators management semiconductor company may have to comply with the "Innovation or death" credo, to an increasingly competitive market, to maintain survival.

Although power management semiconductors to maintain a healthy short-term growth projections for 2008 sales growth of 5% to about 27.7 billion U.S. dollars, but the longer-term prospects remain bleak.

Several quarters, iSuppli said the company constantly faced with the power management market turbulence, some companies more successful than other companies. iSuppli Corporation that the predatory power management market growing, some companies grow significantly – partly because industry growth, but mainly because the product's popularity, as well as OEM and ODM to start a fruitful cooperation.

At the same time, iSuppli predicts that some of the early introduction of innovative products, suppliers will be able to win from the hands of other vendors market share. Although many existing providers have been investing in the development of semiconductors for power management, new design, but some companies also face the emerging challenges in the design of the company. The design of these emerging market company has a great attack strategy, and away from competitors of existing business relationships.

For example, the switching regulator supplies the next five years will be difficult to maintain strong growth momentum in revenue, the only way out is the old company to increase its functionality and improve product quality, and the measures taken can not be smaller in Taiwan and mainland Chinese suppliers easily copied.

The prospects for the remainder of the year remains bright

Although the outlook uncertain, but the current situation of power management semiconductor market remain optimistic about the first quarter of 2008 decreased by only 1.6%, fell less than iSuppli's initial forecast of 3.5%, thanks to Japanese suppliers with good results for the fiscal year ending . Second quarter of 2008 demand is expected to grow, sales will increase 2.5% over the first quarter. Suppliers low inventory levels are close to seven years, but the number remains high, and continue on the average selling price (ASP) have a negative impact.

As for the second half of this year, iSuppli predicts third-quarter power management semiconductor market grew by 3.6% decline in fourth-quarter growth rate, estimated at 0.4%.

Data processing will be the most powerful application of the 2008 market, is expected to power management semiconductors will grow 9.5% a. iSuppli predicts Intel Montevina platform, driven by notebook PC power management will contribute to this year's 26.4% growth. On the contrary, cable communications platform will be the weakest performance in 2008, power management semiconductor market is expected to decline 1% this year.

U.S. consumer confidence index is an important factor affecting the market, the index in June together with the EU's confidence index fell to many people worried about the prospect of power management industry. As the current bleak economic outlook and rising oil prices are expected consumer confidence this year or in 2009 is unlikely to significantly change occurred.

Outlook brighter in 2009, the power management market is expected to increase by 6% compared to 2008. Switching regulator and low voltage power MOSFET in the next five years, rapid growth, iSuppli predicts the strongest growth will occur in the data processing field, the field is expected to reach 10% compound annual growth rate. The next five years will drive the growth of the power management market, including notebook computers (up 18.7%), LCD / Plasma (PDP) TVs (up 19.8%), automotive safety and control (13.3%) and mobile infrastructure equipment and home electrical appliances (up 9.5%). The above figures are compound annual growth rate.

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